《翻譯入門》第13次課（2課時）
《翻譯入門》新聞文本翻譯教學設計
I.教學目的
1.1了解新聞文本的語言特點；
1.2.掌握新聞文本的翻譯策略與技巧。
II.教學重點
英漢新聞文本翻譯的策略
III.教學難點
新聞文本翻譯中如何準确靈活地運用翻譯策略
IV.教學步驟
Step1: Revision複習長句的翻譯（學生上節課的作業，本次課派第6組代表做Presentation）
中國共産黨和中國人民以英勇頑強的奮鬥向世界莊嚴宣告，中國人民從此站起來了，中華民族任人宰割、飽受欺淩的時代一去不複返了，中國發展從此開啟了新紀元。
思政融入1：學習黨史，培養愛黨、愛國情懷
參考譯文：Through tenacious struggle, the Party and the people showed the world that the Chinese people had stood up and the time in which the Chinese nation could be bullied and abused was gone and would never return. This marked the beginning of a new epoch in China’s development.
圖1：學生作業展示
成員1譯文：With heroic and tenacious struggle, the CPC and Chinese peopleproclaimedsolemnly to the world that, from now, Chinese people have stood up. The days of the Chinese nation being randomlytrampled and humiliatedby other countries have gone forever. The development of China hasstepped intoa new era now.
成員2譯文：After a heroic and tenacious struggle, The CPC and Chinese people solemnlyannouncedto the whole world that Chinese people had stood up. The age that Chinese nation could beslaughteredand bullied byothers randomly has gone forever. And the development of China has started a new era.
成員3譯文：With a valiant and tenacious struggle, Communist Party of China and all Chinese peopledeclaresolemnly to the world that since then, Chinese people have stood up, which means the age when Chinese nation wastrampled and bulliedhas gone forever and that the development of China has entered a new era.
成員4譯文：Through tenacious struggle, the Communist Party of China and the Chinese citizensannouncedthe world that the Chinese people had stood up since that time. And the time when Chinese nationwas bullied and abusedby others was gone forever. The development of China is in a new era.
成員5譯文：The CPC and Chinese people solemnlydeclareto the worldwith a valiant and tenacious strugglethat we Chinese people have already stood up. The era when that Chinese nation wastramped and bulliedby anyone has gone without return. Chinese development hasstepped ina newepochsince the
第6小組商讨之後譯文：Throughheroic and tenacious struggle, the CPC and the Chinese peopleproclaimsolemnly to the whole world that Chinese people have stood up from now on. The age when Chinese nation wastrampled and bulliedby othershas gone with the wind. The development of China hasstepped intoa new era.
目的：複習并檢測學生對英漢語長句翻譯的處理能力，政治術語的翻譯以及句子的重新組織能力
Step 2 Lead-in導入
Guangzhou Fair Closes, Trade Booms
i.e. The Guangzhou Fair Closes and Trade Booms
廣交會落幕交易量火爆
（由廣交會新聞導入新聞文本的翻譯）
Step 3 Linguistic features of News Text語言分析
What is news?
News is a fresh report of events, facts or opinions that people did not know before they read your story.
What are the textual features of news ?
1.freshness
2.truthfulness
3.catering for the public
4.sometimes being politically sensitive
1.省略
省略指省去非關鍵性的詞語。标題原來都是一個完整的句子，但為了起到言簡意赅的效果，從而突出重要内容，标題中常常删略去某些語法成分或詞語，尤以虛詞為主，如冠詞、連詞、人稱關系代詞、系動詞等等。隻要讀者略知有關标題省略的一些特點，就能一望而知其全貌。
如：
1）37 killed in Italian Plane Crash
i.e. 37 Killed in an Italian Plane Crash
意一飛機墜毀三十七人遇難（省冠詞）
2）Cops under Fire
i. e. Cops are under Fire
圖2：教師講解
思政融入2：從美國槍擊事件談到熱愛和平
警察遭槍擊（省系動詞）
3) mother, Daughter Share Fulbright Year
i. e. A Mother and Her Daughter Share a Fulbright Year
富布萊特獎揭曉母女同獲年度獎（省冠詞）
2時态
英文報刊新聞标題需要言簡意赅，不可能采用英語中的所有時态形式來濃縮新聞事實。常見的動詞形态有三種：一般現在時、一般将來時和現在進行時。
（1）一般現在時
UK’s Oldest Person Dies at 115
英國第一壽星謝世享天年百歲又十五
Fans Call on Disney to ‘not whitewash’ Mulan
迪士尼拍真人版木蘭
粉絲呼籲‘不要洗白白’
思政融入3：木蘭是中國古代女英雄，堅決反對篡改情節和主題
（2）一般将來時
Iran, Syria to Sign Defense Pact
伊朗和叙利亞将簽署防禦協定
Next Century will Challenge Law of Land
新世紀即将來臨，土地法将面臨挑戰
(3)現在進行時
Deposits, Loans Rising in HK
i.e. The Deposits and Loans Are Rising in HK
香港儲蓄與貸款額節節攀升
3.語态
英文新聞标題中出現被動語态時，被動語态結構中的助動詞“be”通常被省略，往往也不用“by”來引出動作的執行者。
Journalist Fired in Spy Debate
i.e. A Journalist Is Fired in a Spy Debate
涉嫌間諜案糾紛記者被炒鱿魚
Group Work(小組讨論)：在此期間，全國和各駐外機構下半旗志哀，停止公共娛樂活動，外交部和我國駐外使領館設立吊唁簿
圖3：小組讨論
參考譯文：At this official mourning period, National flagsare ordered tofly at half-mastand all public entertainmentsare suspended. Condolence bookswill be openedat the Foreign Ministry and Chinese embassies and consulates around the world.
4.新詞層出不窮
大衆傳播媒介是反映日新月異的現實生活的最有效、最直接的途徑之一。生活中層出不窮的新詞往往最先出現在新聞報道中，以後經人仿效，達到相當程度的普遍性後，逐漸吸收進詞典裡，正式成為現代語言的一部分。
1) 新生詞彙
當1979年日本索尼公司推出一種個人随身聽“walkman”後，媒體報道出現了這樣的句子：
They have to make do with grubby corners in semi-graffitied Tube compartments, sandwiched as like as not, between walkmanized typists and heavily tattooed skinheads.
圖4：雨課堂教學
參考譯文：他們如今可得将就地擠在地鐵車廂髒兮兮的角落裡（半個車廂被塗抹的面目全非），很可能被夾在兩種人之間：一邊是耳朵裡成天塞着随身聽、手捧電腦打字的人，一邊是遍體紋身的光頭黨成員。
2）生造詞彙(coinages, nonce words）
“alcoholic”表示“酒精的、含酒精的、飲酒過度的人”，詞綴“-aholic. –holic, -oholic”等由此引申為“……狂，……迷，……嗜好者”。如
“beeroholic” (啤酒愛好者）
“Colaholic” (可口可樂狂飲者）
“crediholic” (賒賬購物成癖者）
“movieholic” （電影迷）
“workholic” (工作狂）
3）時髦詞彙（vogue words, buzzwords)
新聞中還會出現某些人們日常言談中或一段時期内風行一時的時髦詞。這些字眼，有的昙花一現，有的則具有相當的生命力而得到長期使用。如中文的新聞報道中經常出現：
“妻管嚴” （henpecked）
“傍大款” （find a sugar daddy）
“灰色收入” （off-the –book income）
“低調” （low profile/low key）
“剩女”（left-over lady/ on the shelf/spinster)
網紅
v Practice: This furious Persian has become an web sensation after pictures of him with this cone over his head went viral.
圖五：教師講解
随着一張戴着脖圈的波斯貓的照片在網上迅速熱傳，照片中盛怒的喵星人也轉眼成了一隻"網紅"。
思政融入4：醫學英雄張文宏和鐘南山VS主播薇娅和明星吳亦凡
圖5：學生回答問題
總之，我們在閱讀英美報刊，收聽新聞廣播時，往往會接觸到這些新詞、時髦詞，再動手翻譯這些詞彙的時候，一定要根據具體的語境來辨别、判斷并反複推敲這些詞的意思，隻有這樣才能做到傳神達意，不會有失偏頗。
Step 4: Translation Strategies of News Text
新聞報道面向大衆、時效性強、向社會負責等特點決定了新聞翻譯必須做到準确、通俗，同時又需将原則性與靈活性相結合，要有針對性的具體對待。
1、直譯、意譯交互使用
1）Looking Back to Look Ahead
譯文1 為了展望未來而回首往昔
譯文2 回首往昔展望未來
2）Olympics Begin in Style; Swimmer Takes 1stGold.
譯文奧運盛會開幕泳将喜奪首金
貼切原文，富有漢語新聞标題特征：工整對仗，文采卓越。
2.添加注釋不可少
英語新聞往往是為迎合本國内讀者的心理需求，漢譯時不可将英語新聞的“習慣表達”套用于國内讀者的“閱讀心理”上，需要酌情加上邏輯主語，或新聞人物的國籍、消息的事發地點等等。
例：
1）Xi Elected Chinese President
譯習（習近平）當選中國國家主席
2）Lewis, Xie Voted World’s Top Two
譯路易斯、謝（軍）當選世界十佳（運動員）前兩名
3.原文修辭需展現
但是，當英文标題中采用某種修辭方法，在語言轉換中難以與漢語契合，則不妨意譯，同時還應适當照顧漢語新聞标題的特點，多用動詞、尾韻、對仗等修辭手法。
例：Older, Wiser, Calmer
譯：人愈老，智愈高，心愈平
比較：
Swifter, higher, stronger
譯：更快，更高，更強
Step 5:Summary (總結)
從以上典型實例可以看出，要把新聞标題譯的準确到位，除了透徹地理解原文内涵，領悟其妙處外，善于比較研究英漢兩種語言新聞标題的特點，充分發揮漢語的優勢也十分重要。
Step 6: Homework
翻譯一則有關金融知識的英漢新聞：
The central parity rate of the Chinese currency renminbi, or the yuan, strengthened 202 basis points to 6.4372 against the US dollar Tuesday, hitting the highest record since Dec. 11 of 2015, according to China Foreign Exchange Trade System.
China International Capital Corp Ltd (CICC) recently adjusted its forecast for the yuan against the US dollar from the previous 6.48 to 6.28 by the end of 2018, with a prediction of a weakening US dollar in 2018.
In China's spot foreign exchange market, the yuan is allowed to rise or fall by 2 percent from the central parity rate each trading day.
思政融入5：結合學校的優勢學科金融學，了解中美金融狀況，尤其是中國經濟發展趨勢，培養學生民族自信。
供稿：塗兵蘭
2023-3-13
